Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the genetics of plants for the benefit of humankind. It can be achieved through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to more complicated tissue culture and molecular techniques. Plant breeding has been practiced for thousands of years since the beginning of human civilization. It is now practiced worldwide by individuals such as gardeners and farmers, or by professional plant breeders attached to government institutions, universities, crop-specific industry associations or research centers